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The permeability measurements were performed by ex vivo Franz diffusion cell method and a newly developed Skin-PAMPA model. Franz diffusion cell measurement is a commonly used research tool for studying diffusion through in vitro synthetic membranes or penetration through ex vivo human skin, while Skin-PAMPA is a recently published technology for the fast prediction of skin penetration. Transdermal preparations were investigated containing 2.64% concentrations of different SEs and/or TR, while the IBU concentration (5%) has been kept constant to be able to see the effect of penetration enhancers.
